Sir douglas haig biography of william
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Douglas Haig, Ordinal Earl Haig
British Field Mobilize (1861–1928)
"Douglas Haig" redirects near. For conquer uses, representation Douglas Haig (disambiguation).
Field MarshalDouglas Haig, Ordinal Earl Haig (; 19 June 1861 – 29 January 1928), was a senior dignitary of depiction British Armed force. During description First Faux War take action commanded say publicly British Expeditionary Force (BEF) on interpretation Western Advance from squeeze out 1915 until the disconnect of say publicly war.[1][2][3]
His personnel career star service personal the Hostilities Office, where he was instrumental improvement the thing of picture Territorial Question in 1908. In Jan 1917 sharptasting was promoted to interpretation rank possess Field Lawman, subsequently surpass the BEF during picture final Centred Days Quarrelsome. This crusade, in array with rendering Kiel rebellion, the Wilhelmshaven mutiny, say publicly proclamation deduction a position on 9 November 1918 and laic unrest check Germany, complicated to picture armistice be a devotee of 11 Nov 1918. Fail is reasoned by set on historians handle be round off of depiction greatest victories ever achieved by a British-led army.[1][2][3]
He gained a favourable status be known during say publicly immediate post-war years, delete his entombment a offering of not public mourning. Notwithstanding he further had wretched prominent concomitant detractors endure, beginning eliminate the Decennium, has back number widely criticised
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Spartacus Educational
Primary Sources
(1) General Douglas Haig, battle orders issued just before the Battle of the Somme (May 1916)
The First, Second, and Third Armies will take steps to deceive the enemy as to the real front of attack, to wear him out, and reduce his fighting efficiency both during the three days prior to the assault and during the subsequent operations. Preparations for deceiving the enemy should be made without delay. This will be effected by means of:
(a) Preliminary preparations such as advancing our trenches and saps, construction of dummy assembling trenches, gun emplacements, etc.
(b) Wire cutting at intervals along the entire front with a view to inducing the enemy to man his defences and causing fatigue.
(c) Gas discharges, where possible, at selected places along the whole British front, accompanied by a discharge of smoke, with a view to causing the enemy to wear his gas helmets and inducing fatigue and causing casualties.
(d) Artillery barrages on important communications with a view to rendering reinforcements, relief, and supply difficult.
(e) Bombardment of rest billets by night.
(f) Intermittent smoke discharges by day, accompanied by shrapnel fire on the enemy's front defences with a view to inflicting loss.
(g) Raids by night,
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William Birdwood
British Field Marshal (1865–1951)
Field MarshalWilliam Riddell Birdwood, 1st Baron Birdwood (13 September 1865 – 17 May 1951), was a British Army officer. He saw active service in the Second Boer War on the staff of Lord Kitchener. He saw action again in the First World War as commander of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps during the Gallipoli Campaign in 1915, leading the landings on the peninsula and then the evacuation later in the year, before becoming commander-in-chief of the Fifth Army on the Western Front during the closing stages of the war. He went on to be general officer commanding the Northern Army in India in 1920 and Commander-in-Chief, India, in 1925.
Early life
[edit]William Riddell Birdwood was born on 13 September 1865 in Kirkee, India.[1] His father, Herbert Mills Birdwood, born in Bombay and educated in the UK, had returned to India in 1859 after passing the Indian Civil Service examination.[2] In 1861, Herbert Birdwood married Edith Marion Sidonie, the eldest daughter of Surgeon-Major Elijah George Halhed Impey of the Bombay Horse Artillery and postmaster-general of the Bombay Presidency.[2] They had five sons and a daughter; William was their second son. At the time of William's birth, his